![]() snow (predominant), atmosphere, soil moisture, dam impoundment, can explain seasonal crustal deformation observed by GPS to a large extent. Heki (2004) showed that combined effects of surface loads, i.e. There is also a dense network of surface meteorological sensors for, e.g. Such loads are responsible for seasonal crustal deformation observed with GEONET, a dense array of GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers in Japan (Heki, 2001). The Japanese Islands have width slightly smaller than this spatial resolution, but are known to show large amplitude seasonal changes in surface masses due mainly to winter snow. Our results provide larger signal magnitudes which are in good agreement with the leakage corrected (forward modeled) SH results.Ĭurrent spatial resolution of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites is 300-400 km, and so its hydrological applications have been limited to continents and large islands. Results were compared with traditional methods over the Tonle Sap Basin in Cambodia, Northwestern India, Central Valley in California, and the Caspian Sea. The new global mass change estimates captured all the signals observed by GRACE without the stripe errors. By removing these high frequency components and reserve the overall pattern of the signal, we obtained better mass estimates with minimum leakage errors. We found that, without any post processing, the noise and errors in spherical harmonic solutions introduced very clear high frequency components in the spatial domain. We developed a new postprocessing method based on empirical mode decomposition to estimate mass change from GRACE SH solutions without decorrelation and Gaussian smoothing, the two main sources of leakage errors. However, a recent study demonstrated that both JPL and CSR mascon solutions also have leakage errors. GRACE mascon estimates (JPL and CSR mascon solutions) do not need decorrelation or Gaussian smoothing and offer larger signal magnitudes compared to the GRACE spherical harmonics (SH) filtered results. However, these filters introduce leakage errors that need to be addressed. Low pass filters like decorrelation and Gaussian smoothing are typically applied to reduce noise and errors. K.Įstimated mass change from GRACE spherical harmonic solutions have north/south stripes and east/west banded errors due to random noise and modeling errors. New GRACE-Derived Storage Change Estimates Using Empirical Mode ExtractionĪierken, A. In the framework of GRACE, it enables us to get a subset of Feynman graphs according to given conditions We present a Feynman graph selection tool grcsel, which is an interpreter written in C language. ![]() Yuasa, Fukuko Ishikawa, Tadashi Kaneko, Toshiaki International Nuclear Information System (INIS) A Feynman graph selection tool in GRACE system
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